Why we need to be here...

Sadly, our children’s home is one of many in Bali so visitors and supporters often want to know why this is the case. There isn’t a short, simple answer to this question but a number of factors that contribute to the problem.

Indonesia has a population of 240,271,522 (July 2009 est.) making it the 4th largest nation in the world (1) and it faces a number of challenges…

“Current issues include: alleviating poverty, improving education, preventing terrorism, consolidating democracy after four decades of authoritarianism, implementing economic and financial reforms, stemming corruption, holding the military and police accountable for past human rights violations, addressing climate change, and controlling avian influenza.” (2)

Apart from children being genuinely orphaned, the 3 main factors that lead to children living in orphanages in Bali are summarised below:

1) POVERTY

Many children living at our orphanage, and also at others are not actually orphans at all but victims of poverty.

Parents here will often have lots of children but cannot always afford to provide for them. The average income in Indonesia is around $100 a month (3) and with rapidly increasing costs of living it is hard to survive on such a little amount. Just considering education alone:

“UNICEF estimates that more than one million children drop out of primary school every year, primarily because the cost of supplies, uniforms, and other expenses are a burden for disadvantaged families.” (4)

Some parents may recognise this and choose to send their children to an orphanage where they know they will at least receive food, shelter and education. This is especially the case for single parents – particularly widowed or divorced women who have no way of financially supporting themselves or their children after the death/divorcing of their husband.

2) HOMELESSNESS

In the busy tourist areas of South Bali a large scene of ‘street kids’ has developed where children are sent out by their families to beg. As there are no penalties for failing to enroll your child in school this is a viable resort for the poorest of parents. (5) The children eventually drift into a life that is less and less attached to their family and more to the people they meet on the streets.

Life on the street is full of danger and vulnerability. One of our children was found on the streets so ill he was close to death – this is a tropical country where risk of contracting a major infectious disease is high (6) and where healthcare is privatised.

If begging is unsuccessful it often leads to petty crime and, heart-breakingly, into life as sex workers where work/money is more dependable. Many of our children, who were living on the streets before they came to us, spoke openly of their desire to become prostitutes as soon as they were able. Being children, they do not fully understand the implications of what prostitution would mean; they just see it as a secure way to gain an income (a relatively good one compared to begging). Obviously, this is an appalling prospect for these children and on top of that it is worth noting that in Indonesia there are 270,000 (2007 est.) people living with HIV/AIDs – making it the 25th worst affected country in the world. (7)

Orphanages offer a refuge for children who have experienced life on the street and a chance to make a better future for those who want to change.

3) ABUSE

Before they came to live with us, many of our children were victims of neglect and all other types of abuse. Indonesia adopted the UN’s Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1990 however implementing it has been problematic…

“Numerous difficulties impede Indonesia's implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, including the practical difficulties of coordinating policy in over 6,000 islands and the lack of resources in an economy still recovering from the Asian economic collapse in 1997. Furthermore, Indonesia reported to the Committee on the Rights of the Child that traditional attitudes persist in which child abuse is seen as a family matter for which intervention is unnecessary. The U.S. State Department reported that child labor and sexual exploitation were severe problems and that “some provincial governments did not enforce [the] provisions" of the Law on Child Protection.” (8)

So although child abuse is illegal in Indonesia – doing anything about it other than removing the child completely from the reaches of the abuser by placing them into the care of an orphanage, is extremely difficult.

References

1. CIA Publication ‘The World Factbook’ ISSN 1553-813
2. CIA Publication ‘The World Factbook’ ISSN 1553-813
3. Microsoft’s Encarta (2004)
4. Situation Analysis of Women and Children in Indonesia (New York: UNICEF 1993)
5. Situation Analysis of Women and Children in Indonesia (New York: UNICEF 1993)
6. CIA Publication ‘The World Factbook’ ISSN 1553-813
7. CIA Publication ‘The World Factbook’ ISSN 1553-813
8. From “Representing Children Worldwide: How Children’s Voices Are Heard In Child Protective Proceedings" (2005)

 

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